PERCEPTION AND
PRINCIPLES OF PERCEPTION
Perception
- The process by which individuals connect to their environment.
- A complex physical and psychological process.
- A sense making process.
- To understand better.
- We don't see reality. We interpret.
Principles of perception
1.Figure- ground relationship
2.Grouping of stimuli in perceptional organisation
a)Proximity
b)Similarity
c)Continuity
d)Closure
e)Symmetry
Perceptual constancy
Types:
a)Shape and size
b)Brightness and colour
c)Perceptual constancy depends upon several factors like past experience, expectancy, habits, motivations, learning, imagination.
Perception distortions
- Stereotyping
- Halo effectss
- Selective perception
- Projection
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COMPUTER APPLICATIONS :
Programming: An instruction means specific action.A group of instruction which are in a particularr manner guiding to computer to get final result.
Software : A group of programmes
Software are of two types 
System software,Application software.
Application software is ment for specific program to be fulfilled.
System sofware means individual components are connected together to achieve common goal.
In software
MSDOS ( MICRO SOFT DISC OPERATING SYSTEM).
NO MULTIPLE WINDOWS ARE OPENED
WINDOWS
Multiple number windows are opened
UNIX
internal cornal based operating system
Linex
It is improved version of unix$$$$$$£
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Types of research:
Descriptive vs Analytical
Applied vs Fundamental
Quantitative vs Qualitative
Conceptual vs Empirical
Importance of knowing how to conduct research:
- The knowledge of research knowledge methodology provides training to new researchers and enables them to do research properly. It helps to develop disciplined thinking or a bent of mind to objectively observe the field.
- The knowledge of doing research inculcates the ability to evaluate and utilize the research findings with confidence.
- The knowledge of research methodology equips the researcher with the tools that help him/her to make the observations objectively.
- The knowledge of methodology helps the research consumers to evaluate research and make rational decisions.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Types of research: Descriptive vs Analytical Applied vs Fundamental Quantitative vs Qualitative Conceptual vs Empirical Importance of knowing how to conduct research: - The knowledge of research knowledge methodology provides training to new researchers and enables them to do research properly. It helps to develop disciplined thinking or a bent of mind to objectively observe the field. - The knowledge of doing research inculcates the ability to evaluate and utilize the research findings with confidence. - The knowledge of research methodology equips the researcher with the tools that help him/her to make the observations objectively. - The knowledge of methodology helps the research consumers to evaluate research and make rational decisions. I AM FORBES

Organizational behaviour :-

Value:- Qualities,charecterstics or ideas about which we feel strongly.....

Value - goals - behaviour -self value...

We get values:

•Our home

•Employers

•TV

•Body

•Friends

•Teachers..

Values vs facts :-

Value : all people should be active in a specific religion...

Facts : may people are active in a specific religion....

Values and behaviours : values change over a life - time as experience change of view....

Types of values:-

1. Personal value

2. Family value

3. Social cultural value

4. Material value

5. Spiritual value

6. Moral value

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Organizational behaviour :-
Value:- Qualities,charecterstics or ideas about which we feel strongly.....
Value - goals - behaviour -self value...
We get values: 
•Our home
•Employers
•TV
•Body
•Friends
•Teachers..
Values vs facts :-
Value : all people should be active in a specific religion...
Facts : may people are active in a specific religion....
Values and behaviours : values change over a life - time as experience change of view....
Types of values:-
1. Personal value
2. Family value
3. Social cultural value
4. Material value
5. Spiritual value
6. Moral value
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ACCOUNTING
Objectives:
- Planning and policy formation.
- Helps in controlling process.
- Helps in organising.
- Helps in interpretation of financial statements.
- Helpful in decision making.
- Employees motivation.
- Reporting to management.
- Coordinating.
- Tax administration.
Limitations of management accounting
- Based on accounting data
- Lack of knowledge
- Personal bias
- Heavy cost
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COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN MANAGEMENT
Data file:
A data file is a computer file which stores data to be used by a computer application or system. It generally does not refer to files that contain instructions or code to be executed (typically called program files), or to files which define the operation or structure of an application or system (which include configuration files, directory files, etc.); but specifically to information used as input, or written as output by some other software program. This is especially helpful when debugging a program.
FAT:
A file allocation table (FAT) is a table that an operating system maintains on a hard disk that provides a map of the clusters (the basic units of logical storage on a hard disk) that a file has been stored in.
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Software development process:
- Requirement analysis
- Specification
- Software architecture
- Implementation
- Testing
- Documentation
- Training and support
- Maintenance
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Types of demand:
- Domestic and industrial demands.
- Autonomous and induced demands.
- Perishable and durable goods demands.
- New and replacement demands.
- Final and intermediate demands.
- Individual and market demands.
- Total market and segmented market demands.
- Company and industry demands.
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GAME CHANGERS-BE THE DIFFERENCE
FIVE CONSISTENCIES OF GAME-CHANGERS
• SHIFT FROM EXCUSES TO RESULTS
• SHIFT FROM DISTRACTION TO CONCENTRATION
• SHFTING FROM STAGNATION TO OPTIMIZATION
• MOVE FROM THE PAST AND INTO THE FUTURE
• STOP LIVING WEEK TO WEEK-INSTEAD TRY GENERATION TO GENERATION
THE SIX MINDSETS OF TOTAL GAME-CHANGERS
• BEST IN WORLD
• OBESSIVE ATTENTION TO DETAIL
• TOTAL CRAFT MASTERY
• ALWAYS BE DARING
• LEAD BY EXAMPLE
• ALWAYS BE DELIVERING OUTRAGEOUS VALUE
THE THREE DAILY RITUALS OF GAME-CHANGERS
• THE MORNING ROUTINE
• THE 90/90/1 RULE
• THE NIGHTLY 3
THE 4 MAGICAL WORDS OF GAME-CHANGERS
• ORIGINALITY
• AUDACITY
• HUMANITY
• MASTERY
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ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR:

Sigmund frued's personality
Id - it defines the innate component of personality.
Ego - deals with practical and rational thinking process.
Super ego - the part of a person's mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards learned from parents and teachers.
Erikson's theory:
8 stages
Infancy
Early childhood
Play age
School age
Adolescence
Early childhood
Adulthood
Mature adulthood

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Types of accounting:

Financial accounting - identifying, collecting data which provides financial transaction to know financial status of organisation both internally and externally.
Cost accounting - which deals with accounting system to reduce cost of product.
Management accounting - study of managerial aspects of accounting ,helps to provide information of accounting to internal users only not to external users inorder to make policies, to calculate efficiency of employees, organisation, to know effectiveness of business etc.
Functions of management accounting:
1.Planning and forecasting.
2.Modification of data.
3.Financial analysing and interpretation.
4.Communication
5.Coordination
6.Helps to take strategic decisions
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MANAGEMENT PROCESS:

PLANNING
Planning is the first managerial function to be performed.
It is concerned with deciding in advance what is to be done in future, when, where and by whom it is to be done. It is a process of thinking before doing.
Features of planning:
1.Focus on realizing the objectives set.
2.Intellectual process involving mental exercise.
3.Selective as it selects the best course of action.
4.Pervasive as all the levels of management plan.
5.Lays foundation of the successful actions of management.
6.It is flexible.
7.It is continuous.
8.Efficiency is measured by what it contributes to the objectives.
Objectives of planning:
1.Helps in effective forecasting.
2.Provides certainity in the activities.
3.Establish coordination in the activities.
4.Provides economy in the management.
6P's in planning:
Purpose
Philosophy
Premise
Policies
Plans
Priorities
Benefits of planning:
Focus and flexibility
Action orientation
Coordination
Time management
control
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COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

Language is of two types:
High level language
Low level language
ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange
compiler - a program that converts high level language into low level language.
assembler - a program that converts low level language into high level language.
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP:

What motivates someone to become an entrepreneur? Money of course! The chance to earn significant profits, buy a yacht, take numerous holidays, buy designer goods and send the kids to the best private schools.

But, wait! Is money and personal wealth really the main motivation?

Evidence suggests that there are many more reasons why someone wants to start a business.

Every business starts small. But by taking on some calculated risks, a lot of determination and some luck, a start-up business can become very large, profitable and valuable. However, not every entrepreneur wants to build a big business and earn a fortune.

The objectives when starting a business can be broadly split into two categories:

Financial objectives, and
Non-financial objectives
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ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR:

There are 4 different types of models in organisational behaviour
>Autocratic model
>Custodial model
>Supportive model
>Collegial model

FACTORS INFLUENCING PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT:

PERSONALITY FACTORS
>Biological factors
>Socio logical factors
>psychological factors

IN BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
>Physique
>chemique
>Nervous system

IN SOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS:
>Home
>School
>Language
>Culture

IN PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS:
>Intelligence

DETERMINENTS OF PERSONALITY:
>Biological factors
>Hereditary
>Brain
>Pshyical features
>Family and social factors
>Socialization process
>Identification process
>Home environment
>Family members
>Social groups
>Cultural factors
>Situational factors

TYPE A PEOPLE:
>High achievers
>Multi tasking
>Dont accept failures
>Daily targets
>Driven people
>Need to compete
>Stress levels are generally high

TYPE B PEOPLE:
>They are even tempered
>Typically less stressful lives
>Easy going
>Know their abilities
>They enjoy their achivements

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ACCOUNTING CONVENTIONS:

It is nothing but the traditionsor customs which are followed by accountant
>convention of consistency
>convention of full disclourse
>convention of materiality
>conservatism

LIMITATIONS OF ACCOUNTS:
> Only quantative information is used but not qualitative information is used
>Maniculation the books of accounts
>Cost concept
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MANAGEMENT PROCESS

CLASSICAL APPROACH:

classical approach of management professes the body of management thought based on the belief that employees have only economical and physical needs and that the social needs & need for job satisfaction either donot exist or are unimportant.

classical approach includes scientific,administrative and bureaucratic management.

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH focuses on the one best way to do a job.

ADMINISTRATIVE APPROACH focuses on the manager & basic managerial functions.

BUREAUCRATIC APPROACH focuses on the guidelines for structuring with formaliazation of rules,procedures and a clear division of labour.

THEORIES:
-Taylor's theory of scientific management.
-Fayol's administartive theorey
-Weber's theory of bureaucracy

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todays learnings

programming: an action of specific action of group of instruction which are in a perticular manner guiding to computer to get final results.                                                                                                    software; a group of programs .                                                                                                                    soft ware is two types   1. System Softwarre  2.Application software                                                   system software: individual components are connected togetherto achieve a common goal. in software.                                                                                                                                                     Application software;It is meant for a specific program fulfilled.                                                              MSDOS: microsoft disc operaating system. UNIX: internal corner based operating system.                  LINEX: It is improoved version of UNIX.                         

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Accounting: It is a process of identifying, summaraising, measuring, & communicating the economic information to pretend informed judgement decission making. OBJECTIVES OF ACCOUNTING: a) keeping systematic records to protect business properties. b) ascertain operational profit & loss. c) decission making. d) extimating the TAX ABILITY. FUNCTIO0NS OF ACCOUNTINGS: Identifying, recording, classifying, summaraising, analyising, interpreting,communication. INFORMATION USERS; INTERNAL USERS: owner, management, employee EXTERNAL USERS: Creditors,investors, customers,researchers.

today I learned 10 important points                                                                                                            1. learn practicle knowledge in mba, so you can behave like experienced person on the organaisation.   2.if life puts you in the toughest situation ...dont say why me ......say , try me.                                       3. we should make resolutions and try to acheive them.                                                                           4. IQ is ability to observe&absorb ( grasping power).                                                                               5. what is its charecteristics . 6. its benfits.  7.  how to improve keep on learning & observing, absorbimg&obsreving.                                                                                                                                 8. EQ is ability to with stand our emotions . 9. its benifits , charecteristics & how to improove them. 10. how to think out of the box. 11. we should not always think laterally to solve a small task  because it makes the situation complex.                                                                                                     12. the abilities & functions of left & right Brain.                                                                                                   THANK YOU SO MUCH I AM FORBES